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The condition that results from a defect in the calcification of bone is osteomalacia. This condition is characterized by the softening of bones due to inadequate mineralization, primarily caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate. As a result, the bones become weak and more susceptible to fractures, giving rise to symptoms such as bone pain and muscle weakness.

In contrast, osteoporosis involves a decrease in bone density but is not directly related to the calcification process—it primarily affects the microarchitecture and strength of bones, leading to increased fragility. Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain condition affecting muscles and soft tissues without directly impacting bone calcification. Arthritis refers to inflammation of the joints, which can cause pain and swelling but does not stem from issues with bone calcification. Therefore, osteomalacia is distinctly identified by its direct correlation to a defect in the calcification process in bones.